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SN-LAB-002 · Live experiment

Conditioning is where recovery methods tell the truth.

Mixed precision can look magical on friendly problems. This experiment keeps the negative evidence and asks where the correction operator stops being trustworthy.

Problem

Hilbert linear systems with known solution

Hij = 1/(i+j+1),   x*=1,   b=H x*ORDERS n=4…12 · DELIBERATELY PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONING STRESS TEST

Because the exact solution is known, forward error is directly measurable. Increasing matrix order makes the system progressively more hostile to finite-precision factorization.

Results

The recovery boundary is visible.

ORDERFLOAT64 ERRORFLOAT32 ERRORMIXED ERROR
n=43.86e-137.29e-51.91e-13
n=53.49e-134.37e-32.52e-12
n=63.11e-105.50e-28.80e-9
n=71.42e-83.99e-21.69e-3
n=82.15e-77.51e-11.45e-1
n=99.99e-61.97e+09.18e+0
n=101.63e-44.30e+03.24e+0
n=114.61e-31.62e+11.63e+3
n=121.66e-13.27e+12.30e+1

For n=4–6, mixed refinement recovers close to the Float64 result. By n=8 the mixed error is already large, and at n≥9 the method can fail catastrophically because the Float32 factorization is no longer a useful correction operator. That failure is part of the result, not something to hide.

Interpretation

Low precision needs an envelope.

The lesson is not “mixed precision always works.” The useful engineering question is whether the problem's conditioning, residual computation, factorization precision, and refinement strategy together satisfy a measurable convergence contract. ShardNet's hardware experiments will preserve this same failure-oriented discipline.